18: Preparing Regression Tables.

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.title[
# 18: Preparing Regression Tables.
]
.subtitle[
## Linear Models
]
.author[
### <large>Jaye Seawright</large>
]
.institute[
### <small>Northwestern Political Science</small>
]
.date[
### March 9, 2026
]

---

class: center, middle

pre[class] {
  max-height: 200px;
}
</style>

# Why Professional Tables Matter

### **Communication Goals**
1. **Clarity:** Readers should understand your findings
2. **Reproducibility:** Others should be able to replicate
3. **Efficiency:** One table can convey what paragraphs cannot

---

### **Political Science Standards**
- **Top journals** (APSR, AJPS, JOP) have specific formatting
- **Replication archives** require clean code
- **Policy audiences** need accessible presentation
- **Your own workflow** benefits from organization

---

### **Common Problems in Student Work**

``` r
# What NOT to do
> summary(model)

Call:
lm(formula = y ~ x1 + x2)

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept)  1.23456    0.09876  12.345  < 2e-16 ***
x1           0.56789    0.12345   4.567 5.67e-06 ***
x2          -0.34567    0.23456  -1.234    0.218

R-squared:  0.3456
Adj R-squared: 0.3345
```

---
# The R Ecosystem for Tables

### **Main Packages**
1. **`modelsummary`** 
   - Modern, flexible, actively maintained
   - Works with many model types
   - Excellent documentation

2. **`stargazer`** (legacy but still used)
   - Long history in political science
   - Simple syntax
   - Some limitations with new models

---

3\. **`gtsummary`** (medical/social science focus)
   - Beautiful default formatting
   - Great for clinical/epidemiological papers
   - Less common in political science

4\. **`kableExtra`** (manual control)
   - Complete customization
   - Steeper learning curve
   - For when others fail
---

### **Choosing the Right Tool**
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption>Which Tool When?</caption>
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Use_Case </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Primary_Tool </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Key_Feature </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> General political science </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> modelsummary </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Flexibility </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Quick tables for drafts </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> stargazer </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Simplicity </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Medical/clinical style </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> gtsummary </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Pretty defaults </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Complete customization </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> kableExtra </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Total control </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Teaching/learning </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> any </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Clarity </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

### **Our Focus Today:**
**`modelsummary`** - the modern standard

---
# Package 1: `modelsummary`

### **Key Advantages**
1. **Inclusive:** Works with 100+ model types
2. **Flexible output:** HTML, LaTeX, Word, PDF, Markdown
3. **Customizable:** Every aspect can be modified

---

### **Basic Syntax**

``` r
library(modelsummary)

# Single model
model <- lm(y ~ x1 + x2, data = df)
msummary(model)

# Multiple models
models <- list("Model 1" = mod1, 
               "Model 2" = mod2)
msummary(models)

# With robust SEs
msummary(models, vcov = "HC3")
```

---

### **Worked Example**

``` r
# Load data
data("Mroz", package = "carData")
Mroz$lfp <- 1*(Mroz$lfp=="yes")

# Estimate models
model1 <- lm(lfp ~ k5 + k618 + age + wc + hc, 
             data = Mroz)
model2 <- lm(lfp ~ k5 + k618 + age + wc + hc + lwg, 
             data = Mroz)
model3 <- lm(lfp ~ k5 + k618 + age + wc + hc + lwg + inc, 
             data = Mroz)

# Create table
models <- list("(1)" = model1, 
               "(2)" = model2, 
               "(3)" = model3)

we.ms <- msummary(models,
         stars = TRUE,
         gof_omit = "AIC|BIC|Log|Adj", 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```
---

<table style="NAborder-bottom: 0; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="table table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.125) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.128) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.127) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.037) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.045) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.042) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.041) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.043) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.031) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.030) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot><tr><td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> + p &lt; 0.1, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.01, *** p &lt; 0.001</td></tr></tfoot>
</table>

---
# Customizing `modelsummary` Output

### **1. Variable Labels**

``` r
cm <- c('k5' = 'Children < 6',
        'k618' = 'Children 6-18',
        'age' = 'Age',
        'wc' = 'Wife college',
        'hc' = 'Husband college',
        'lwg' = 'Log wage rate',
        'inc' = 'Family income')

vl.ms <- msummary(models, 
         coef_map = cm,
         stars = TRUE, 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```
---

<table style="NAborder-bottom: 0; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="table table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Children &amp;lt; 6 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.037) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Children 6-18 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log wage rate </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117*** </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.031) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.030) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Family income </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007*** </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot><tr><td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> + p &lt; 0.1, * p &lt; 0.05, ** p &lt; 0.01, *** p &lt; 0.001</td></tr></tfoot>
</table>

---
### **2. Statistics Selection**

``` r
ss.ms <- msummary(models,
         gof_omit = 'AIC|BIC|Log|RMSE',
         gof_map = list(
           list("raw" = "nobs", "clean" = "N", "fmt" = 0),
           list("raw" = "r.squared", "clean" = "R²", "fmt" = 3)
         ), 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```
---

<table class="table table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.125) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.128) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.127) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.037) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.045) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.042) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.041) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.043) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.031) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.030) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> N </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R² </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
### **3. Standard Errors**

``` r
# Robust SEs
se.ms <- msummary(models, vcov = "HC3", 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```

---

<table class="table table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.118) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.125) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.125) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.033) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.033) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.034) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.015) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.015) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.002) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.002) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.043) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.047) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.042) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.042) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.043) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.034) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.033) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 22.832 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 23.081 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 24.057 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Std.Errors </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> HC3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> HC3 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> HC3 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
### **4. Formatting**

``` r
# Decimal places
msummary(models, fmt = 2, 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```

<table class="table table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.25 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.12 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.14 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.12) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.13) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.13) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.31 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.30 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.29 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.02 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.02 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.01 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.01 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.01 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.01 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.19 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.14 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.16 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.03 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.03 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.02 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.12 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.12 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.03) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.03) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.01 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.00) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

``` r
# Different formats for estimates and SEs
msummary(models,
         fmt = fmt_statistic(estimate = 3, 
                             std.error = 2), 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```

<table class="table table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.12) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.13) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.13) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.01) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.00) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.05) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.04) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.03) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.03) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.00) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

``` r
# Confidence intervals instead of SEs
msummary(models,
         statistic = "conf.int",
         conf_level = 0.95, 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```

<table class="table table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [1.003, 1.493] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.863, 1.367] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.894, 1.393] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.381, −0.238] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.373, −0.230] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.365, −0.224] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.049, 0.006] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.044, 0.011] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.039, 0.016] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.020, −0.010] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.019, −0.009] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.018, −0.008] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.101, 0.278] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.054, 0.235] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.074, 0.254] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.109, 0.055] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.112, 0.050] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [−0.065, 0.102] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.057, 0.177] </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> [0.063, 0.182] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> [−0.010, −0.004] </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

``` r
# Add title and notes
msummary(models,
         title = "Table 1: Labor Force Participation",
         notes = c("Data: Mroz (1987)", 
                   "Robust standard errors in parentheses",
                   "*p<0.1, **p<0.05, ***p<0.01"), 
         output = "kableExtra") %>%
  kable_styling(font_size = 10)
```

<table style="NAborder-bottom: 0; width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 10px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="table table">
<caption style="font-size: initial !important;">Table 1: Labor Force Participation</caption>
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;">   </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;(1) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(2) </th>
   <th style="text-align:center;"> &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(3) </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> (Intercept) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.248 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.115 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1.144 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.125) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.128) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.127) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k5 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.309 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.302 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.295 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.037) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.036) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> k618 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.021 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.016 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.011 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.014) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> age </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.015 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.014 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.013 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.003) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> wcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.190 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.145 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.164 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.045) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.046) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> hcyes </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.027 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.031 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.019 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.042) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.041) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.043) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> lwg </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.117 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.123 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.031) </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> (0.030) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> inc </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −0.007 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px">  </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;box-shadow: 0px 1.5px"> (0.002) </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Num.Obs. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 753 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.112 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.129 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.150 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> R2 Adj. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.106 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.122 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.142 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> AIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1003.4 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 990.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 974.2 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> BIC </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1035.8 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1027.7 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 1015.8 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Log.Lik. </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −494.704 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −487.332 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> −478.086 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> F </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.836 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.444 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 18.827 </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> RMSE </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.47 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
   <td style="text-align:center;"> 0.46 </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr><td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Data: Mroz (1987)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> Robust standard errors in parentheses</td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0; " colspan="100%">
<sup></sup> *p&lt;0.1, **p&lt;0.05, ***p&lt;0.01</td></tr>
</tfoot>
</table>

---
# Advanced `modelsummary` Features

### **1. Model Comparison**

``` r
# Compare different model types
library(fixest)
library(lme4)

models <- list(
  "OLS" = lm(y ~ x, data = df),
  "Fixed Effects" = feols(y ~ x | state, data = df),
  "Random Effects" = lmer(y ~ x + (1|state), data = df)
)

msummary(models,
         stars = TRUE,
         output = "table.html")
```

---

### **2. Output Formats**

``` r
# Save to different formats
msummary(models, output = "table.tex")    # LaTeX
msummary(models, output = "table.docx")   # Word
msummary(models, output = "table.html")   # HTML
msummary(models, output = "table.md")     # Markdown
msummary(models, output = "table.txt")    # Plain text
msummary(models, output = "gt")           # gt object
```

---

### **3. Custom Tidiers**

``` r
# For unsupported models
custom_tidy <- function(model) {
  # Extract coefficients
  coefs <- coef(summary(model))
  data.frame(
    term = rownames(coefs),
    estimate = coefs[, 1],
    std.error = coefs[, 2],
    statistic = coefs[, 3],
    p.value = coefs[, 4]
  )
}

msummary(model, 
         tidy = custom_tidy)
```

---

### **4. Theme System**

``` r
# Set global defaults
modelsummary::modelsummary_settings(
  fmt_decimal = 3,
  stars = c('*' = 0.1, '**' = 0.05, '***' = 0.01),
  estimate = "{estimate} ({std.error})",
  statistic = NULL
)

# Now all tables use these settings
msummary(models)
```

---
# Package 2: `stargazer` - The Legacy Workhorse

### **Still Common in Political Science**
- Used in many published papers
- Simple syntax for basic tables

---

### **Basic Usage**

``` r
library(stargazer)

# Single model
stargazer(model1, type = "text")
```

```
## 
## ===============================================
##                         Dependent variable:    
##                     ---------------------------
##                                 lfp            
## -----------------------------------------------
## k5                           -0.309***         
##                               (0.037)          
##                                                
## k618                          -0.021           
##                               (0.014)          
##                                                
## age                          -0.015***         
##                               (0.003)          
##                                                
## wcyes                        0.190***          
##                               (0.045)          
##                                                
## hcyes                         -0.027           
##                               (0.042)          
##                                                
## Constant                     1.248***          
##                               (0.125)          
##                                                
## -----------------------------------------------
## Observations                    753            
## R2                             0.112           
## Adjusted R2                    0.106           
## Residual Std. Error      0.469 (df = 747)      
## F Statistic           18.836*** (df = 5; 747)  
## ===============================================
## Note:               *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
```

---

``` r
# Multiple models
stargazer(list(model1, model2, model3),
          type = "text",
          title = "Regression Results",
          align = TRUE)
```

```
## 
## Regression Results
## ===========================================================================================
##                                               Dependent variable:                          
##                     -----------------------------------------------------------------------
##                                                       lfp                                  
##                               (1)                     (2)                     (3)          
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## k5                         -0.309***               -0.302***               -0.295***       
##                             (0.037)                 (0.036)                 (0.036)        
##                                                                                            
## k618                        -0.021                  -0.016                  -0.011         
##                             (0.014)                 (0.014)                 (0.014)        
##                                                                                            
## age                        -0.015***               -0.014***               -0.013***       
##                             (0.003)                 (0.003)                 (0.003)        
##                                                                                            
## wcyes                      0.190***                0.145***                0.164***        
##                             (0.045)                 (0.046)                 (0.046)        
##                                                                                            
## hcyes                       -0.027                  -0.031                   0.019         
##                             (0.042)                 (0.041)                 (0.043)        
##                                                                                            
## lwg                                                0.117***                0.123***        
##                                                     (0.031)                 (0.030)        
##                                                                                            
## inc                                                                        -0.007***       
##                                                                             (0.002)        
##                                                                                            
## Constant                   1.248***                1.115***                1.144***        
##                             (0.125)                 (0.128)                 (0.127)        
##                                                                                            
## -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
## Observations                  753                     753                     753          
## R2                           0.112                   0.129                   0.150         
## Adjusted R2                  0.106                   0.122                   0.142         
## Residual Std. Error    0.469 (df = 747)        0.464 (df = 746)        0.459 (df = 745)    
## F Statistic         18.836*** (df = 5; 747) 18.444*** (df = 6; 746) 18.827*** (df = 7; 745)
## ===========================================================================================
## Note:                                                           *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01
```

---

``` r
# Better
stargazer(model1, model2, model3,
          type = "html",
          dep.var.labels = "Dependent Variable",
          covariate.labels = c("Var1", "Var2", "Var3"))
```

<table style="text-align:center"><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="3"><em>Dependent variable:</em></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td colspan="3">Dependent Variable</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1)</td><td>(2)</td><td>(3)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Var1</td><td>-0.309<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.302<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.295<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.037)</td><td>(0.036)</td><td>(0.036)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Var2</td><td>-0.021</td><td>-0.016</td><td>-0.011</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.014)</td><td>(0.014)</td><td>(0.014)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Var3</td><td>-0.015<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.014<sup>***</sup></td><td>-0.013<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.003)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">wcyes</td><td>0.190<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.145<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.164<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.045)</td><td>(0.046)</td><td>(0.046)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">hcyes</td><td>-0.027</td><td>-0.031</td><td>0.019</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.042)</td><td>(0.041)</td><td>(0.043)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">lwg</td><td></td><td>0.117<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.123<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.031)</td><td>(0.030)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">inc</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.007<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>1.248<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.115<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.144<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.125)</td><td>(0.128)</td><td>(0.127)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Observations</td><td>753</td><td>753</td><td>753</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">R<sup>2</sup></td><td>0.112</td><td>0.129</td><td>0.150</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Adjusted R<sup>2</sup></td><td>0.106</td><td>0.122</td><td>0.142</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Residual Std. Error</td><td>0.469 (df = 747)</td><td>0.464 (df = 746)</td><td>0.459 (df = 745)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">F Statistic</td><td>18.836<sup>***</sup> (df = 5; 747)</td><td>18.444<sup>***</sup> (df = 6; 746)</td><td>18.827<sup>***</sup> (df = 7; 745)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="4" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"><em>Note:</em></td><td colspan="3" style="text-align:right"><sup>*</sup>p<0.1; <sup>**</sup>p<0.05; <sup>***</sup>p<0.01</td></tr>
</table>

---

### **Strengths and Weaknesses**
<table class="table" style="width: auto !important; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption>Stargazer: Pros and Cons</caption>
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Strength </th>
   <th style="text-align:left;"> Weakness </th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Simple syntax </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Limited customization </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Widely used/recognized </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Less active development </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Good HTML output for Word </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Can be buggy with new models </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Handles many model types </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> LaTeX-focused originally </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Good for teaching </td>
   <td style="text-align:left;"> Verbose syntax for complex tables </td>
  </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
# Package 3: `gtsummary`

### **Medical/Social Science Focus**
- Designed for clinical research
- Beautiful automatic formatting
- Great for descriptive statistics too

---

### **Basic Regression Tables**

``` r
library(gtsummary)

tbl_regression(model1, exponentiate = FALSE)
```

<div id="kcfjdyvccv" style="padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;">
<style>#kcfjdyvccv table {
  font-family: system-ui, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji';
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

#kcfjdyvccv thead, #kcfjdyvccv tbody, #kcfjdyvccv tfoot, #kcfjdyvccv tr, #kcfjdyvccv td, #kcfjdyvccv th {
  border-style: none;
}

#kcfjdyvccv p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

#kcfjdyvccv .gt_table {
  display: table;
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}

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}

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}

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}

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}

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}

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}

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#kcfjdyvccv .katex-display {
  display: inline-flex !important;
  margin-bottom: 0.75em !important;
}

#kcfjdyvccv div.Reactable > div.rt-table > div.rt-thead > div.rt-tr.rt-tr-group-header > div.rt-th-group:after {
  height: 0px !important;
}
</style>
<table class="gt_table" data-quarto-disable-processing="false" data-quarto-bootstrap="false">
  <thead>
    <tr class="gt_col_headings">
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" scope="col" id="label"><span class='gt_from_md'><strong>Characteristic</strong></span></th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" scope="col" id="estimate"><span class='gt_from_md'><strong>Beta</strong></span></th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" scope="col" id="conf.low"><span class='gt_from_md'><strong>95% CI</strong></span></th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" scope="col" id="p.value"><span class='gt_from_md'><strong>p-value</strong></span></th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">k5</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.31</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.38, -0.24</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><0.001</td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">k618</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.02</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.05, 0.01</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center">0.13</td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">age</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.01</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.02, -0.01</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><0.001</td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">wc</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">    no</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">—</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">—</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">    yes</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">0.19</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">0.10, 0.28</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><0.001</td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">hc</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">    no</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">—</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">—</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center"><br /></td></tr>
    <tr><td headers="label" class="gt_row gt_left">    yes</td>
<td headers="estimate" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.03</td>
<td headers="conf.low" class="gt_row gt_center">-0.11, 0.05</td>
<td headers="p.value" class="gt_row gt_center">0.5</td></tr>
  </tbody>
  <tfoot>
    <tr class="gt_sourcenotes">
      <td class="gt_sourcenote" colspan="4"><span class='gt_from_md'>Abbreviation: CI = Confidence Interval</span></td>
    </tr>
  </tfoot>
</table>
</div>

---

### **Strengths**
1. **Automatic formatting** of categorical variables
2. **Clean defaults** with minimal code
3. **Good descriptive statistics** tables
4. **Medical journal style** if that's your target

---

### **Limitations**
1. **Less common** in political science
2. **Focus on medical models** (survival, etc.)
3. **Less flexible** for complex model comparisons
4. **Different syntax** from other packages

---
# Package 4: `kableExtra` - Complete Control

### **When You Need Total Control**
- Customize every aspect
- Combine multiple tables
- Complex formatting needs

---

### **Basic Workflow**

``` r
library(kableExtra)

# Start with kable()
table <- model %>%
  broom::tidy() %>%
  kable(format = "html",
        digits = 3,
        col.names = c("Variable", "Coefficient", 
                      "SE", "t-stat", "p-value")) %>%
  kable_styling(bootstrap_options = "striped",
                full_width = FALSE) %>%
  add_header_above(c(" " = 1, "Estimate" = 4)) %>%
  footnote(general = "Standard errors in parentheses")

# Save
save_kable(table, "table.html")
```

---

### **Advantages**
1. **Total control** over formatting
2. **Combine** models, summary stats, etc.
3. **Advanced features:** grouping, coloring, etc.
4. **Works with any data frame**

---
# Table Design Principles

### **1. Clarity First**
- **Clear variable names** (not R variable names)
- **Consistent formatting** across tables
- **Adequate white space**
- **Logical ordering** of variables/models

---

### **2. Information Hierarchy**
![](RegressionTables_files/figure-html/hierarchy-1.png)

---

### **3. Social Science Practices**
- **Report robust/clustered SEs** 
- **Include `$R^2$` and `$N$`** (always)
- **Consistent decimal places** 
- **p-values, maybe also stars** (check journal rules)

### **4. Accessibility**

``` r
# Good practices:
# 1. Avoid color-only coding
# 2. Provide alternative text if images
# 3. Use clear, sans-serif fonts
# 4. Ensure sufficient contrast
# 5. Provide machine-readable versions

# In modelsummary:
msummary(models,
         notes = c("Note: Standard errors in parentheses",
                   "Data available upon request"),
         title = "Table 1: Main Results")
```

---
###Example

[This One's For the Boys](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/this-ones-for-the-boys-how-gendered-political-socialization-limits-girls-political-ambition-and-interest/FC49F85EDDAAA804DCBFBA63C6C437F0)